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Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve
The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve is a World Heritage Site containing most of the over-wintering sites of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly. The reserve is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests ecoregion on the border of Michoacán and Mexico State, 100 km (62 miles), northwest of Mexico City. Millions of butterflies arrive in the preserve annually. Butterflies only inhabit a fraction of the 56,000 hectares of the reserve from October–March. The biosphere’s mission is to protect the butterfly species and its habitat.
Most of the over-wintering monarchs from eastern North America are found here. Western researchers 'discovered' these areas in 1975, though local people had known of the sites before then. Presidential decrees in the 1980s and 2000 designated these still privately held lands area as a federal reserve. The Reserve was declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1980 and a World Heritage Site in 2008. The preserve remains predominantly rural. Reserve administrators continue to be concerned with deleterious effects of illegal logging and tourism. Conservation efforts sometimes conflict with the interests of local farmers, community-based landowners, private land owners and indigenous people.
==Monarch migration==
(詳細はSierra Madre Oriental mountains to the preserve.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve World )〕 The butterflies congregate, clustering onto pine and oyamel trees. To many, the trees appear orange and branches sag from the weight. Dense congregations are thought to conserve heat.〔 If warmed by the sun, the butterflies take flight. the beating of their wings has been compared to the sound of a light rain.〔 The reserve is susceptible to lethal, freezing temperatures.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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